The Advertiser, Wed 13 Oct 1915 1
ESCAPED GERMANS RECAPTURED.
Melbourne, October 12.
The two Germans who escaped from the military authorities on Friday while being conveyed under armed escort from Melbourne to Sydney are reported to have been captured at Manar. They are believed to have effected their escape by clambering from a carriage window as the train in which they were travelling slowed down nearing Junee Junction, over the New South Wales border. Two armed soldiers were in the compartment with the prisoners, but they declare that they have no clear recollection where & how the men slipped from their hands. Obviously there was lack of vigilance somewhere, and the Acting State Commandant has ordered the guards to stand trial by court-martial. They will then be given a chance to explain the mysterious disappearance of the prisoners. There were nine prisoners altogether on board the train, but owing to the smallness of the carriages the party was split into two at Albury. The recaptured prisoners are Frank S Glowackie (24) seaman, and Arthur Scharmer (24), occupation unknown. Scharmer was released by the authorities on one occasion, but was re-interned owing to suspicious conduct. The other Germans who escaped from internment camps recently were quickly traced and rearrested.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The Argus, Wed 13 Oct 1915 2
Image: NSW State Library collection. Reproduction: Peter de Waal
ESCAPED GERMANS.
———•———
COURTS-MARTIAL ORDERED.
As a result of the escape of two German prisoners – Frank Stanislaus Glowacki and Arthur Scharmer—from a train while being conveyed to the German concentration camp, at Liverpool (NSW), the acting State Commandant (Colonel Williams) had ordered two of the guard to appear before a court-martial at Broadmeadows on Friday. A statement was published on Tuesday that the prisoners had been recaptured. Yesterday afternoon Colonel Williams stated that no confirmation of the reported recapture had been received by the Victorian military authorities.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Barrier Miner, Wed 20 Oct 1915 3
3RD EDITION.
——————
…
PRISONERS ESCAPE FROM
ESCORT.
————
TWO INTERNED GERMANS.
————
EVIDENCE AT COURT-MARTIAL. 4
Two German residents who had been interned and were being removed from Melbourne to Sydney on October 7, escaped from escort when some distance past Albury. They were subsequently recaptured at Wagga, but the circumstances that led to their escape gave rise to a court-martial that was held at Broadmeaodws [sic] on Saturday afternoon.
Private Albert George Smart 5 (reports “The Argus”) was charged with having, without reasonable excuse, allowed a person to escape whom it was his duty to guard. The court was constituted of Major JC O’Brien, president; Major A Caddy and Captain A Barnett, members; Major FJ Hart and Captain GVW Joynt, waiting members; Captain JG MacDonald, prosecutor; and Second-Lieutenant F Marriott, soldier’s friend.
Captain Harold Edward Jones, 6 attached to the Intelligence Staff, of the 3rd Military District of the Commonwealth Military Forces, said:—I left Melbourne on October 7 in charge of nine German prisoners of war. I had with me an escort consisting of one sergeant and four soldiers. At Albury two compartments were reserved for the prisoners and escort. In consequence of that it was necessary to divide the party. Neither compartment was large enough to contain the total party. In the compartment nearest to the engine four prisoners were put and the sergeant, and in the next compartment there were five prisoners and two soldiers, of whom accused was one. I gave instructions as to reliefs. I told Sergeant Singleton to arrange that the sentry was to be on duty in the compartment in order that the other soldiers might get some rest. The doors were locked by the New South Wales Railways authorities, and the use of the keys was refused. In the compartment in which accused was were the prisoners Glowacki and Scharmer. In consequence of a communication made to me by Sergeant Singleton I went to the carriage in which accused was, and found that two German prisoners had escaped. I gave instructions for a report to be obtained from accused and the other sentry. On my return to Melbourne I ordered Sergeant Singleton to place the accused under arrest, in consequence of instructions received from the commandant.
Witness, in answer to Lieutenant Marriott, said he would not say that the railway arrangements made by the New South Wales Railway authorities contributed in any way to the escape of the prisoners.
Do you think it a desirable thing that men with only ten weeks’ training should be placed in charge of prisoners of war?—Yes, considering that these men were in the reinforcements; and also taking into consideration the class of prisoners under the escort.
Sergeant William Singleton, in charge of the Reinforcements Military Police, said:—I was in charge of an escort of four men guarding nine German prisoners en route to Sydney. At Albury, when we boarded a train, I placed five prisoners in one compartment and detailed accused as one of the escort. I told the two (the escort) to try and have a little sleep by relieving one another. At Junee Junction, when the train pulled up, Private Clayton said to me, “There are two prisoners that have got away.” I climbed through the window to the platform. I said to accused and Clayton, “Have you been asleep?” and they answered, “We have had a bit of a doze for a few minutes.” At the first opportunity I reported it to Captain Jones. At a suburban station in Sydney I obtained a report from accused and Private H Clayton. If Clayton was to do the first shift, and went to sleep without awakening accused then, in my opinion, the accused was not on duty.
This closed the case for the prosecution.
Private Hubert Clayton, 7 a member of the 10th Australian Reinforcements of the 12th Battalion, said:—I was on duty guarding German prisoners to Sydney. Sergeant Singleton told us to get as much sleep as we could, and that the man coming off guard was to awaken the other. We did not arrange as to who was to take the first shift.
For the defence Lieutenant Marriott contended that the evidence showed that only one of the two was intended to be on duty at the time; Clayton’s evidence was that accused was asleep while he was awake, and the inference was that he was on guard, and not accused.
The court was cleared during consideration of the verdict, and the president subsequently announced that accused was found not guilty, and that he was honourably acquitted.
Private Hubert Clayton then pleaded guilty to a similar charge. In reply to a question by the president as to whether he had anything to say in mitigation of punishment, he said:—“We were drilled right up to the time of the day we were going on guard service, and the next morning we were drilled right up to the time of leaving. I am a farm laborer, and never saw a uniform before, and did not realise the seriousness of the duty. I have only been a soldier for about three months, and have never been on guard before where there were prisoners.”
Lieutenant Frank Marriott gave accused an excellent character, and said that he did not think that he realised the responsibility of his position. The sentence of the court will not be announced until it has been forwarded to and endorsed by the authorities at headquarters.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The Advertiser, Mon 25 Oct 1915 8
NAVAL OPERATIONS
————
…
SEVEN DAYS’ DETENTION.
Melbourne, October 22.
In connection with the trial by court-martial on Sunday last of Private Hubert Clayton, of the 10th Reinforcements, 12th battalion, on a charge of permitting prisoners of war to escape, it was announced by the authorities to-day that the court had imposed sentence of seven days’ detention. Clayton was one of guard responsible for the escort of nine Germans who were being removed by train from Melbourne to Sydney. During the journey two of the prisoners escaped, but were recaptured.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Frank Stanislaus Glowacky’s Prisoner of War file 9
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
Camp Langwarrn [sic]
5.10.1915
Sir!
I have heard that the German prisoners at present here, are going to be transported to Liverpool. I am willing to work and at present occupied repairing tents. I would like to ask you, if you could make it possible, that I may remain here. I was taken from the american Sch. Espada.
Thanking you for the favor [sic]
I remain faitfully [sic]
Frank Glowacki.
Captain Jones
Victoria Barracks.
St Kilda road
Melbourne.
Regln will not allow [Initial illegible]
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
11th October, 5.
Secretary.
Department of Defence.
|
C.G.S. |
I have to report that about midnight on the 7/8th inst during the transfer of certain Prisoners of War from this District to Liverpool 2nd Military Dist 2 prisoners, Frank Stanislaus Glowacki and Arthur Scharmer made their escape by jumping out of the window of the lavatory whilst the train whilst the train was slowing down approaching Junee Junction NSW. The matter was reported to, and full description given the New South Wales Police, and also to Head-Quarters 2nd Military District on 8th inst. The persons responsible will be made the subject of enquiry this week and result will be forwarded later. Colonel, |
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
W. 175/5/76.
13th December, 1915.
83554
Commandant,
2nd 3rd Military District, (Sydney).
Please forward a report showing the result of the enquiry relating to the escape of two prisoners of war whilst being transferred by train from Langwarrin to Liverpool as mentioned in your 1915/3/1400 of the 11th October.
Received
Dec 14 AM
DOR ?RD M. D.
[Initial illegible]
Chief of the General Staff.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
83554
Commdt.
3rd M. D.
Please forward a report shewing result of the enquiry re escape of two prisoners of war whilst being transferred from Langwarrin to Liverpool as mentioned in your 1915/3/1400 of 11th October.
13/12/15
[Signed] EL Presse Major
for CGS
-2-
Secretary. Dept of Defendant. ---- Proceedings of Court Martial in this matter were forwarded to ATTORNEY-GENERAL on 9-11-15 (C286/15) and result promulgated by MO No. 64 1915.
[Initialled] REW
Brig-General, a/Comdt.
3rd Military Dist.
CGS 17-12-15.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Commonwealth Military Forces of Victoria.
————————
AIC
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
Australian Intelligence Corps (Victoria).
————————
Corps District Quarters,
Victoria Barracks, St Kilda Road
Melbourne
From To
Frank Glowacki
SUBJECT Seaman American Schooner “Espada”
Customs Landing Officer phon’ that this man is shown as of German nationality & states that he is a German.
[Initial illegible] 24/9
American Consul written to
[Initials illegible] 24/9
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
24th September, 5. [sic]
The American Consul.
Equitable Buildings.
MELBOURNE
Dear Sir,
On the Schooner “Espada” now in this Port there is a member of the crew named Frank Glowacki whose nationality is given on the articles as a German.
Will you kindly let me know as early as possible whether this man is an American Subject or not.
Yours truly,
Captain.
Intelligence Sect’n General Staff.
Referral not sent as Police @ S Wharf brough [sic] Glowacki to Barracks.
[Initial illegible] 24/9
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
PRISONERS OF WAR INFORMATION.
|
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. |
Surname Christian Name Date of Birth Age Place of birth Married, Single, Widower Children, age sex, etc. Address Resident in Australia If Naturalized. (Give date, place, etc. Occupation References Naval or Military Service Rank in Army or Navy If parole is requested Date taken into Custody Time, place, and by whom Amount of money taken over Parolled [sic] on If can speak English Height Build Hair Eyes Marks
|
Glowacki. Frank Stanislaus. 1.5.1891 24 Berlin, Germany. Single Nil Seaman taken off American Arrived 23.9.1915.
AB √ Left Germany when 14 years old. Nil
Yes Yes 5' 1". Thick Set /Sturdy/ Brown, bald forehead L Grey. Left hand Old Fash[ione]d anchor bet 1st finger R Hand Rising Sun & hands across the Sea near Interned as being an Alien on a neutral vessel |
[Initial illegible] 24/9/15
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
AUSTRALIAN MILIARY FORCES - 3RD MILITARY DISTRICT.
INTERNED PRISONERS OF WAR
|
Surname Christian Name Nationality Reason for Internment |
Glowacki Frank Stanislaus German Interned being an alien on neutral vessel found in Prohibited Port. This man will require to be taken over by the Adjutant-General’s Branch. |
[Initial] HEJ [Harold Edward Jones]
Captain,
Intelligence Section, General Staff.
AAG, 3rd M. D.
Please issue the necessary authority.
[Initial] HEJ
Captain.
General Staff
25/9/15
C. C.
Prisoners of War Depot.
Please arrange for a guard to take over the above men from the Intelligence Section.
[Initial illegible]
Colonel.
AAG, 3rd Military Dist.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Sender’s Name, Company and Mess–
Frank Glowacki 9 – 7.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
| Rec'd 21/7/16 P. Marshall 4/233 |
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
CONCENTRATION CAMPS, AUSTRALIA
PRISONER OF WAR LETTER 10
LIVERPOOL July 15th 1916.
Provost marshall,
Sir!
I, Frank Glowacki arrived at Melbourne September 23th 1915 on bord the American sailing vessel “Espada”, in the capacity of seaman. I was taken from the vessel and made a prisoner of War. I have been a resiedent in the United States of America for over five years. I also have my first paper, but my second paper, owing to a mistake has not been given me. A few days ago the American sailing vessel Watson A West arrived in Sydney. Captain E Sorensen, who is an acquaintance of mine, I know he would be willing to take me back to the States, providing I am released here. So I beg of you Sir, if I could be released. The vessel will probably leave Sydney in two weeks..
Hoping you will reply,
at your first opportunity
I remain yours
most respectfully
[Signed] Frank Glowacki.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
PM4/215
4/233
MINUTE PAPER.
|
|
1 Officer i/c, Intelligence Section, Forwarded for disposal. I have not acknowledged the letter. [Signed] David [Illegible] 27.7.16 |
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
EI.
4th. August, 1916.
Commandant,
German Concentration Camps.
LIVERPOOL. NSW
Prisoner of War F GLOWACKI.
With reference to Application addressed to the Provost Marshall please advise this internee that his release is not recommended.
[Signed] HE Jones
Captain.
General Staff. Intelligence Section.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
MINUTE PAPER.
|
|
1 PM 5/102 Forwarding herewith registered letter from Frank GLOWACKI, Concentration Camp, Liverpool, NSW for information and necessary action. [Signed] FR Hall, Lt 13.9.16
|
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
CONCENTRATION CAMPS, AUSTRALIA
PRISONER OF WAR LETTER 11
LIVERPOOL December 4th 1916
Intelligence Section!
Sir!
On the 12 of September of this year, I send a registered letter from here, to the Provost Marshall of Melbourne. In this letter I asked for a reconsideration of my case, concerning my realese from this camp. Included in the letter were four discharges from american sailing vessels, and my intention paper to become a citzen of the United States of America. Up to now I have not had an answer, nor received the papers back. These papers are valuable to me, so I beg you Sir, if you could locate them, and have them ordered send back to me.
Thanking you
Sir,
I remain yours
truly
[Signed] Frank Glowacki
| RECEIVED 6 – DEC 1916 Int. Sec’n 3rd M.D. |
[Initial illegible]
[Initial illegible] 7.12.16
[Initial illegible]
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
|
Intelligence Sec’n General Staff |
EI.
12th 13 December, 1916.
The Commandant,
German Concentration Camps.
LIVERPOOL, NSW
Re FRANK GLOWACKI.
The above-named is informed in reply to his application of the 4th instant, for RELEASE, that there are no reasons why the decision given him in September last should be departed from, and his Release is therefore NOT RECOMMENDED.
From Four Ships’ Discharges and Notice of Intention to become an American Citizen are returned herewith, please acknowledge receipt.
[Signed] Sgd ME Jones Major
General Staff. Intelligence Section.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
In reply to your letter of the 12th, December re the above named P/W, I have to inform you that he has been notified that his release is not recommended, and in addition has been handed the four ships’ discharges and his notice of intention to become an American citizen.
| RECEIVED 20. DEC. 1916 DCR 3rd M. D. |
JP Allsop Lieut-Colonel.
Commandant, Concentration Camps.
Intelligence Section
General Staff
[Initial] GSO
20/12/16
[Initial] HCT
Note & file
HC Thomas
20/12/16
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Copies of Certificates of Discharge.
|
No 116370. |
Character, VG. Sgd. OC Chiefman, master of ——————— |
|
No 93294 |
Character VG. Sgd. S Olsen ——————— |
|
Character VG Sgd. J Johnson, Master of ——————— |
|
|
Character VG. Sgd. Chas Korth, Master |
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Copy.
In replying please refer to
this file number
752452
US DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.
Bureau of Naturalization,
Washington, July 19th 1917.
Mr Frank Glowacki,
GCC Liverpool, NSW
Australia.
Dear Sir,
Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of the 4th ultimo, kaing [sic–making] inquiry as to whether or not you are entitled to citizenship. It is noted that you have been interned in Australia for the past eighteen months.
In reply, you are advised that the fact that you resided in the United States for five years with the desire to become an American citizen would not confer citizenship up on you, neither does the fact that you were apparently given erroneous information by the captain of the vessel on which you sailed be of any assistance to you in the matter.
It will not be possible for you to become a citizen until after such time as you may return to the United States, at such time as you have a declaration of intention which is not less than two, nor more than seven years old and have resided in the United States “continuously” for a period of at least five years immediately preceding the date of your application for citizenship.
In connection with your case it should be stated that your present declaration of intention will be invalid for all purposes after October 15, 1917.
Very truly yours,
Richd K ..........
Commissioner of Naturalization.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
AMERICAN CONSULAR SERVICE.
Sydney
Australia
Septr 5th 1917.
Frank Glowacki, Esquire,
Care German Concentration Camp.
LIVERPOOL, NEW SOUTH WALES.
Sir,
I have to inform you that I am this day in receipt of an instruction from my Government at Washington, which reads as follows:–
“As Mr Glowacki did not, at the time of declaring his intention of becoming an American citizen, renounce allegiance to his original sovereign but merely declared his intention of doing so, and did not acquire American citizenship by such declaration, but may be still considered a citizen or subject of his country of origin, the Department is not in a position to be of any assistance to him in regard to his repatriation.”
Very respectfully yours,
JI BITTAIN,
American Consul-General.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
D567/7/874
CONCENTRATION CAMPS, AUSTRALIA.
Liverpool, NSW 10th April 1918.
15/3/1327.
The Secretary,
Department of Defence,
MELBOURNE.
2958 – Frank Glowacki.
The attached application for release, from the above-named Prisoner-of-War, is forwarded for your information and action.
R Holman, Lieut-Colonel,
Commandant, Concentration Camps.
(5 Enclos)
Commandant, 3rd M. D.
For report.
Please return Glowacki’s letter
with the original documents attached.
EL Piesse, Major for GS
16/4/18.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The Minister for Defence, 12
The Hon Senator Pearce.
Sir!
I, Frank Glowacki for over two and a half years an inmate of the Internees Camp at Holdsworthy, beg to make an application for release. I arrived at the United States of America during the year 1910. Same year I took out my Declaration of Intention paper to become an American citizen. The time of inhabitation in the United States required to become a citizen was due in 1915. But after the outbreak of the present war owing to unfortunate circumstances I was compelled to follow my former occupation as seaman, without my final citizen papers and through erroneous information from the captain of the Am Sch “Espada” I was induced to sign for a return voyage to Melbourne, Australia. On my arrival at Melbourne the 23 of September 1915 I was arrested as an enemy’s subject, and later transferred to Holdsworthy I have had communications with the American Consul at Sydney and the US Department of Labor trying to effect my release. From both I received the reply that owing to the fact that I did not renounce my allegiance to my original sovereign I am not entitled to citizenship. By the last American mail I received news that my brother-in-law was serving in France and that other circumstances make my urgent return to the States advisable.
Furthermore I am ready at any time to renounce allegiance to my sovereign, and disclaim any indemnitys whatever due to me from the Defence Department for unjust internment, if due released and permitted to leave Australia. At present I have not the means to pay for my passage, but if permitted can obtain necessary means by cable.
To prove statement please find enclosed 4 discharges from American vessels, a declaration of intention paper, and replies from the American Consul and Labor Department which I beg kindly to return.
Awaiting a reply, I remain Sir
yours truly,
FRANK GLOWACKI,
9 Co 7 Mess.
GCC Liverpool, 8th April, 1918/
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
DECLARATION OF INTENTION
Invalid for all purposes seven years after the date hereof.
State of Washington
County of Chehalis } ss In the Superior Court of Wash. For Chehalis County.
------------------------
I Frank Glowacki aged 19 years occupation sailor do declare on oath that my personal description is - Color white, complexion dark, color of eyes blue other visible distinctive marks - tip of thumb on left hand off, anchor tattooed on each hand and a sailor on each forearm.
I was born in Berlin, Germany on the 1st day of May, anno Domini 1891 - I now reside at Aberdeen Chehalis Co, Washington.
I emigrated to the United States of America from Bremen, Germany on the vessel Ship Nixe and Watson A. West; my last foreign residence was Berlin, Germany. It is my bona fide intention to renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty and particularly to William II, Emperor of Germany of whom I am now a subject; I arrived at the port of Aberdeen in this State of Washington on or about the 10 day of April anno Domini 1910, I am not an anarchist, I am not a polygamist, nor do I a believer in the practice of polygamy, and it is my intention in good faith to vecome [sic] a citizen of the United States of America and to permanently reside therein: So help me God.
Frank Glowacki,
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 15th day of October anno Domini 1915
Birdwell,
Clerk of the Superior Court.
Seal.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
R/DEC.
15/3/1327
23rd April, 1918.
|
CGS |
The secretary, Re 2958 Frank GLOWACKI. Referring to your C567/7/874, I have to report that the above Prisoner-of-War was interned here owing to his being an Alien Enemy found on board a neutral ship in a prohibited port. He was a German subject serving on an American Schooner and was interned on or about September 24th 1915. Whilst being transferred from Langwarrin to Liverpool on the 7th October 1915 he escaped from the train at Junee Junction through the lavatory window. He has made two previous applications for his release both of which have been refused. File returned containing Glowacki’s letter and with the four original documents attached. Brigadier-General. Enclosure: File |
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
RECORD FILE
EI
D.C.R.
No. 15/3/1327
VICTORIA.
G L O W A C K I FRANK STANISLAUS.
ex ss “Espada”
Arrived in Australia (Melbourne) 23/9/1915
Interned at Langwarrin – 25/9/1915
To be transferred to Liverpool, but escaped from the train during transport – 7/10/1915
Captured and re-interned at Liverpool (see card)
---------------
(see also 15/3/1399 – re Chas Korth – ex “Espada”)
[Initial illegible]
6/2/19
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Frank Stanislaus Glowacky, Gaol photo sheet 13
![SRNSW: NRS2467, [3/6099], State Penitentiary photographic description book, 3 Aug 1918-24 Jan 1919, No. 16382, p. –.](../../images/trials/1918-Glowacky-6099-gaol-photo-16382.jpg "SRNSW: NRS2467, [3/6099], State Penitentiary photographic description book, 3 Aug 1918-24 Jan 1919, No. 16382, p. –.") |
Gaol Photo Sheet - Transcribed Details
No. 16382
Date when Portrait was taken: 25-11-1918
Name: Frank Stanislaus Glowacky
|
Native place: Germany Year of birth: 1-5-1891 Arrived Ship: Aspada Trade or occupation Religion: Lutheran Education, degree of: R and W Height: 5' 0½" Weight On committal: 124 Colour of hair: Brown Colour of eyes: Grey |
Marks or special features: Bust of Buffalo Bill inside left forearm, sailor, flag and scroll with letters thereon (faint) outside left forearm anchor junction left thumb ring on left ring finger, sailor standing on yard holding cap in right-hand inside right forearm, female bust and flowers outside right forearm, anchor junction right thumb, American Eagle and flag on chest minus 1st joint left thumb |
|
(No. of previous Portrait ... ) CONVICTIONS |
|||||
|
Where and When |
Offence. |
Sentence |
|||
|
Military Court |
25 |
10 |
1918 |
1) Sodomy |
1 year H.L. |
1 The Advertiser, Wed 13 Oct 1915, p. 10.
2 The Argus, Wed 13 Oct 1915, p. 11.
3 Barrier Miner, Wed 20 Oct 1915, p. 4. Emphasis added.
4 A court martial file is held at www.naa.gov.au. NAA: A471, 325.
5 There is a WWI service record (service number 3171, barcode 8086574) for Albert George Smart. To view digitised record, go to: www.naa.gov.au
6 There is a WWI service record (service number 4148 barcode 1818517) for Harold Edward Jones. To view digitised record, go to: www.naa.gov.au
7 There is a WWI service record (service number 3127 and 3607 barcode 3252149) for Hubert Clayton. To view digitised record, go to: www.naa.gov.au
8 The Advertiser, Mon 25 Oct 1915, p. 10.
9 NAA: MP16/1, 1915/3/1327 .
10 The letter is transcribed as found.
11 The letter is transcribed as found.
12 The letter is transcribed as found.
13 SRNSW: NRS2467, [3/6099] , State Penitentiary photographic description book, 3 Aug 1918-24 Jan 1919, No. 16382, p. –.